In vitro skin models, including excised human skin
How the study was set up
Laboratory skin models, cells, and porcine models were used to test microneedle-assisted delivery of GHK-Cu.
What the researchers measured
Skin microchannels, peptide and copper passage through skin, and selected irritation and safety-related responses were assessed.
How to read this evidence
This paper examines laboratory measurements or analytical methods. It is not a study of treatment outcomes in people.
Results in context
The study addresses delivery under an experimental procedure. Greater penetration does not establish skin benefits or comprehensive safety of a finished product.
What this does not establish
Excised skin and experimental delivery devices are not a human treatment trial or proof that a topical product has the same absorption.